What is DDBMS? Explain with Example. Discuss problem areas in DDBMS environment
distributed database management system (DDBMS) : A distributed database management system (DDBMS) is a set of multiple, logically interrelated databases distributed over a network. They provide a mechanism that makes the distribution of data transparent to users.
Explanation of DDBMS :
- DDBMS is a centralized application that manages a distributed database. This database system synchronizes data periodically and ensures that any change in data made by users is universally updated in the database.
- DDBMS is logically interconnected group of collective data, materially distributed over a computer network or a system contains of a group of sites linked together via communications network, in which each site is a database structure site where all the sites allow to work together, so that a user at any site can access data anywhere in the network where data stored at the user's own site that looks like one centralized database to the end user.
- Thus, instead of having one central database tolerate the entire load, it is shared by a collection of machines/computers over the communication networks or medium.
- A set of server machines working in synchronization to provide the desires to many users where these machines are connected to each other either through the wireless connection or through various communication media that serve data transfer at high rate forming a distributed database system.
- In the distributed system the processors used in those machines may differ from microcomputers to work position to minicomputers to computers used in day to day life.
Problem areas in DDBMS environment are:
1. Distributed Concurrency Control: The integrity of the database is maintained by specifying the synchronization of access to the distributed database to manage concurrency different locking techniques uses based on the mutual exclusion of access to data.
2. Replication Control: Replication techniques only applicable to distributed systems where a database is supposed to be replicated if the whole database and the copies are stockpiled at dissimilar sites. Having more than one copy of a database, the issue is continuing the communal uniformity of the copies ensuring with all copies are identical schema and data.
3. Deadlock Handling: Many users request for the same resources from the database if the resources are obtainable at that time, then database allow permission for the resources to that user if not obtainable the user has to wait until the resources are released by another user. Sometimes the users do not release the resources blocked by some other users.
4. OS Environment: To implement distributed database environment a specific operating system is required as per organizational requirements. The operating system plays an important role to manage the distributed database because sometimes it does not support for distributed database.
5. Transparent Management: The major problem area in the distributed database where data located in many locations and number of users are used that database. So, the transparent management of data is important to maintain the integrity of distributed database.
6. Security and Privacy: A great issue in the distributed system that how to apply the security policies to the interdependent system. Since distributed systems contract with sensitive data and information ensuring with the strong security and privacy measurement system exists. The important issues in the distributed system are the protection of distributed system assets together with the fundamental resources, storage, communications and user-interface I/O, higher-level compounds of these resources, like processes, files, messages, display windows and more complex objects, etc.
7. Resource Management: Resources are in different places in the distributed system. Routing is an issue at the network layer of the distributed system and at the application layer. To cooperate with these resource in a distributed system.
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