Define The Terms: 1) Avalanche effect in DES 2) Diffusion 3) Confusion 4) Substitution 5) Permutation

BestPaperSolution September 13, 2020

Define The Terms: 1) Avalanche effect in DES  2) Diffusion  3) Confusion  4) Substitution  5) Permutation.

1) Avalanche effect in DES : In cryptography, the avalanche effect is the desirable property of cryptographic algorithms, typically block ciphers and cryptographic hash functions, wherein if an input is changed slightly (for example, flipping a single bit), the output changes significantly (e.g., half the output bits flip).

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Desirable property of any encryption algorithm is that a change in one bit of the plaintext produce a change in many bits of ciphertext.


2) Diffusion : Diffusion hides the relationship between the ciphertext and the plaintext. This is achieved by changing one plaintext digit which affect the value of many ciphertext digits.


3) Confusion : Confusion hides the relationship between the ciphertext and the key. This is achieved by the use of a complex substitution algorithm.


4) Substitution : Substitution is simply a mapping of one value to another.


5) Permutation : Permutation is reordering of the bit positions for each of the inputs.